骨性蝶腭孔的应用解剖

Anatomy of osteologic sphenopalatine foramen of Chinese

目的:为内窥镜蝶腭孔相关手术提供解剖学依据。方法:对220侧正中线切开的颅骨标本的蝶腭孔骨性标志及毗邻关系进行观察测量。结果:(1)蝶腭孔可分为3型:Ⅰ型:占35.9％,孔位于上鼻甲、上鼻道的后方;Ⅱ型:占4.6％,孔位于中鼻甲或中鼻道的后端;Ⅲ型:占59.6％,位于上鼻甲或上鼻道后方并向下至中鼻甲或中鼻道的后方(甚至到下鼻甲上缘)。(2)蝶腭孔与蝶窦底及后筛关系密切,孔上缘与蝶窦底间距离、与后筛骨壁间距离、孔的后缘与翼管前口的距离、孔的前后径、上下径、与前鼻棘距离、与硬腭水平板的夹角等,经统计学处理左右侧无明显差异。结论:本文结果可供临床手术时参考。

Objective: To provide anatomic evidence for endoscopic transnasal surgery in the sphenopalatine foramen. Methods: The bony signs and their correlational data of sphenopalatine foramen of 220 sides skulls in adults were measured. Results: (1). Osteologic classification of the sphenopalatine foramen as three types: Ⅰ ,35.90%, Ⅱ ,4.55%, Ⅲ,59.55%. (2). The mean distance from upper edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the base of the sphenopalatine sinus ,and to the posterior ethmoid, and the distance between the posterior edge of the sphenopalatine foramen and the anterior foramen of the vidian ,and the horizontal diameter of the sphenopalatine foramen , the vertical diameter, and the mean length ,the mean width ,the mean distance from the center of sphnopalatine foramen to the spina nasalis anterior, and the mean angle from the sphenopalatine foramen to the horizontal plate, were analyzed and made no statistic difference with left and right. Conclusions: This applied anatomy will give help for clinic operation.