从英国文官考选制度看清末科举制的衰亡

A Survey of the Decline of the Imperial Examination System During the Late Qing Dynasty as contrasted with the British Civil-Service Examination System

19世纪兴起的英国文官考选制度渊源于中国的科举制 ,这一制度成为西方各国仿效的蓝本而盛行至今 ,而沿袭 1 0 0 0多年的科举制此时却趋于衰亡。究其原因是中国科举制中公平竞争原则的完全丧失而文官制吸收了这一原则精华并使之制度化导致。

The British civil-service examination system,originating from the imperial examination system of China and developing in the 19th century,is an original version,widespread in the western world as a model system till present.However,the imperial examination system has declined though existing in China for about 1,000 years.The reason is that the principle of fair competition in the imperial examination system has disappeared completely while it is reserved and developed in the British civil-service system.The different destinies of the two systems reveal that the capitalism system is superior to the feudalism system.