企业与政府配置资源的二重性

A Study on the Resource-Allocation Function of the Enterprise and the Government in the Market Economy

现代市场经济中,市场对资源配置的基础性功能通过市场机制作用于企业凸显出来。企业作为一种制度体,同时又是资源配置的一种方式,具有节约交易费用,提高生产效率的优势,自然也存在契约不完备造成的缺陷;政府调节经济运行、进行资源配置同样具有降低交易成本、增加社会收益的一面,又有调节"时滞"、信息扭曲、容易产生寻租行为的一面。有效运行的市场要求企业、政府与市场的关系不仅仅是一种相互替代、此长彼消的对立关系,而且还应该是一种相互依存的动态优化关系。

In the modern market economy, the fundamental function of the market to the resource-allocation is manifested through the effect on the enterprise by the market system. As a kind of institutional forms, the enterprise is a way of resource-allocation with the advantages of saving the dealing cost and improving the productivity, but it also has the disadvantages of being a kind of non-perfect contracts. The government has the advantages of lowering the dealing cost and increasing social gains, but it also has the disadvantages of 'time-lagging' in adjustment, distorting the information and causing rent seeking. The market working smoothly needs the relationship among the enterprise, the government and the market not only replacing each other, but also depending on and promoting and optimizing each other.