运动技能本体论及其对中小学体育与健康课程的教学启示

The Ontology of Motor Skill and Its Implications for PE & Health Curriculum in the Middle School and the Primary School

从本体论角度对运动技能这样一个既为大家所熟知又颇具现实性的问题进行理论探讨,旨在提高中小学体育教学研究的功效性。研究结果表明:(1)运动技能是按照技能规律对运动行为的资源进行整合或调控的总称,包含目标、知觉、动作和练习4个要素;(2)运动技能分类是从课题研究的实际出发并依据我国体育事业现行的“奥运战略”和“全民健身”计划的二元结构特征所进行的整体性、多层次、连续划分;(3)运动技能本质是运动行为的潜能及其强化,基本特征表现为专门性、程序化和练习性;(4)建立了通过运动技能来提高中小学体育与健康课程教学效果的函数关系,其应用模型的数学表达式为:Y=f(Ms,Ts,S)。

The paper discusses the ontology of motor skill in order to enhance the efficacy of research into physical education teaching in schools. Results show that (1) motor skill is used to control sports behavior. It consists of goal, perception, movement and practice; (2) task and binary character of 'sports for all' and'stratagem for Olympics' in China, the multi-levels and continuity with the motor skill of category should be integrated; (3) in substance, the motor skill is the potential and strength of sport. The basic characteristics of motor skill are specialization, program and practice;(4) The motor skill model has been built in order to improve instruction in the PE and Health curriculum of the middle and primary school. The formula of instruction model was Y=f(Ms, Ts,S).