低出生体重儿的认知发展神经心理的初步研究

Initial study of cognitive development and neuropsychology for low birth weight infants.

【目的】 探讨低出生体重 (lowbirthweight ,LBW )儿的认知神经心理发展及干预作用。 【方法】 将 61例LBW儿 (185 0～ 2 45 0 g)随机分为干预组 (Ⅰ组 3 3例 )和未干预组 (Ⅱ组 2 8例 ) ,另设正常对照组 (Ⅲ组 3 0例 )。Ⅰ组实施婴儿抚触、早期教育、感知运动、语言等训练。于 6月、1岁时分别进行Gesell婴儿发育量表及婴儿视觉注意习惯化测试。 【结果】 Gesell测试 :6月时I组各能区发育商 (developmentquotient ,DQ )分值高于Ⅱ组 ,但精细动作、应物能、语言能与Ⅱ组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。1岁时Ⅰ组各能区DQ与Ⅱ组差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与Ⅲ组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。婴儿注视时间 (应答下降率H、应答恢复率R) :6月龄时Ⅰ组分值稍高于Ⅱ组 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,1岁时Ⅰ组H、R与Ⅱ组差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与Ⅲ组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。 【结论】 早期干预能有效地促进LBW儿的认知神经心理发育。

Objective To explore the cognitive and neuropsychologic development in low birth weight (LBW) infants and intervention effect. 61 LBW infants (1 850～2 450 g) were randomly divided into intervention group (Ⅰ group 33 cases) and non-intervention group (Ⅱ group 28 cases), normal controls (Ⅲ group 30 cases). Infant touch, early education, sense-motion and language training were practiced for Ⅰ group. Gesell test and the test of visual attention habituation were performed among three groups in six months and one year old. Gesell test: five development quotients (DQ) in Ⅰ group were higher than those of Ⅱ group in six months, but the DQs of fine motor, language, adaptation were no obvious difference in two groups (P>0.05). Five DQs in Ⅰ group were significantly higher than those of Ⅱ group in one year old (P<0.05) and there were no obvious difference in Ⅰand Ⅲ groups (P>0.05). Infant fixation time (response decrement rate and response recovery rate): there were no obvious difference in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups in six months (P>0.05), but were significantly difference in one year old (P<0.05) and were no obvious difference in Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Early intervention can efficiently improve cognitive and neuropsychologic development in LBW infants.