返回舱弹道重建与黑障区弹道再现研究

Trajectory reconstruction and black-out-area trajectory makeup for reentry capsules of spacecraft

对于飞船返回舱,黑障区弹道再现是再入飞行试验气动分析工作的重要环节。利用舱上测量数据和有限的雷达测量数据重构飞行弹道,是黑障区弹道再现的有效方法。本文建立了返回舱弹道重建的数学模型,包括运动学模型、观测模型、测量误差模型,从而将返回舱弹道重建问题转化为一个非线性动态系统的参数辨识问题。给出了基于极大似然判据和Newton Raphson迭代的弹道重建算法。对某飞船返回舱的飞行试验数据进行了计算和分析,结果证实了弹道重建数学模型的正确性和算法的可行性。通过弹道重建,不仅再现了黑障区的弹道,而且提供了可靠的、完整的弹道数据。

For reentry capsules of spacecraft,making up the trajectory in black-out area is a key link of aerodynamic analysis from flight test data.One of effective methods for this problem is to reconstruct flight trajectory employing the onboard measurement data and the limited radar data.A mathematical model for the trajectory reconstruction is set up.It is composed of the kinematical model,the observation model,and the measurement error model.The trajectory reconstruction is thus transformed into the problem of parameter identification of a nonlinear dynamic system.The algorithm of trajectory reconstruction is derived based on the maximum likelihood criterion and Newton-Raphson iteration.The flight test data of some a reentry capsule are analyzed.The results validate the developed mathematical model and algorithm of trajectory reconstruction.The trajectory reconstruction not only makes up the trajectory in black-out area,but provides a complete set of reliable trajectory data.