人道与上帝——夸美纽斯的教育思想本源

Humanism and God ——Origins of Comenius' Educational Thoughts

人道与上帝,是夸美纽斯教育思想的主要矛盾,也是其教育思想的本源。这一对矛盾主要建立在五种影响因素的基础之上,即文艺复兴先行者的思想、宗教改革者的思想、科学的发展、培根的哲学思想和夸美纽斯的个人生活实践经验。这一对矛盾也贯穿于其人性论观点、知识论观点、教育本质论观点、教育目的论观点和教育方法论观点中。要完整地理解夸美纽斯的教育思想,必须结合其生活的具体时代特点才能不失偏颇。

The contradiction between humanism and God is the origin as well as the key contradiction of Comenius' educational thoughts. This contradiction resulted from five influencing factors, i.e., ideas of the Renaissance forerunners, ideas of the religious reformers, the development of science, philosophical ideas of Bacon, and Comenius' personal life experiences. This contradiction also runs through his thoughts about human nature knowledge, and his thoughts about the nature, objectives, and methods of education. To have a comprehensive understanding of Comenius' educational thoughts, it is a must to take the background of his time into account.