"相对"的所有权——双重所有权的英美法系视角与大陆法系绝对所有权的解构

"Relative" Ownership: Dual Ownership from Common Law Perspective and Deconstruction of Absolute Ownership in Continental Law System

在两大法系财产法的结构中,最醒目的区别就是大陆法系的绝对单一所有权和英美法系的普通法所有权、衡平所有权双重所有权制度,但实际上,衡平法并不是法律(law),衡平所有权对普通法所有权起到的是一种补充而不否定、缓缓进行改变的作用。这种二重性结构导致了英美法系财产权整体的相对性特征。受此启示,对面临着诸多现实困境的大陆法系绝对所有权也应进行分解,区分出作为归属的所有权和作为支配的所有权两重含义。

The simplex absolute ownership of Continental Legal System differs distinctly from the diplex ownerships consisting of common law title and equitable title of Anglo-American Legal System. However, Equity is actually not the law. Equitable title acts to complement common law title, rather than to deny it, thus to make the latter change gradually. This dualist structure also brings a characteristic of relativity to the whole Anglo-American Property Law. Enlightened by this, the paper suggests that the simplex absolute ownership of Continental Legal System, which is in hot water at modern society, be divided into ownership as ascription and ownership as disposal.