古希腊的诗人和诵诗者——论柏拉图和亚里士多德的诗学立场

The Poets and the Rhapsodes in Ancient Greece

古希腊存在着两种职业:诗人和诵诗者。诵诗者的生活十分优裕,而诗人却被分割成两种状态———时而是创造者和高贵的,时而是制作者和卑下的。形成这种矛盾的原因只能从古希腊特定的社会情境中去寻找。柏拉图和亚里士多德对待诗人的态度是不同的。柏拉图笔下的"第一等人"并不是指"诗人",而是指苏格拉底和柏拉图自己。

There were two professionals in ancient Greece: poets and rhapsodes. The ancient Greek rhapsodes lived in affluence and the poets were described in two conditions in Greek poetry: sometimes they were creators and noble, sometimes they were makers and humble. The reasons for this contradiction could be found just in the particular social situation. Plato's and Aristotle's attitudes to the poets were different. 'The first-class people' in Plato's works did not refer to the poets but Socrate and Plato themselves.