黄河中游大型煤田开发对侵蚀和产沙影响的研究

Study on Influence of Major Coalfield Development on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

黄河中游大型煤田开发对振兴国民经济具有重要意义,但对侵蚀产沙也将带来不利影响。本文分析了黄河中游大型煤田开发的自然地理特点和开发概况,进行了土壤试验、人工降雨模拟试验、开矿与非开矿流域水文泥沙观测资料的对比分析。研究表明,煤田开发后侵蚀和产沙明显增加,开矿后与开矿前相比,土壤侵蚀增加1.34～12.7倍,相似降雨洪水产沙量增加50—80％,而且颗粒变粗,推移质泥沙增多,高含沙水流出现机遇增加,泥沙么重增大。

The exploitation of large coalfields in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin is of significance for the devolopement of the national economy. However, it also brings about negative impacts on soil and sediment yield. In this paper, the physical geographic features and general situation of exploitation in the major coalfields are presented. Furthermore, data derived from field soil testing, rainfall simulation experiments as well as comparative sediment and runoff data between affected and unaffected basins were analysed. The study showed that .coal exploitation inevitably accelerate erosion and sediment production. Soil erosion is increased by 1.34 to 12.7 times after coalfield development and sediment yield for similar rainstorms may increase by 50 to 80 percent or more. Sediment particle size and bulk weight were increased and a higher proportion of bedload is transported in river. In addition, the occurrence of hyperconcentrated flow will be more frequent.