儒家人格理论的历史嬗变

The Historical Transmutation of Confucian Personality Theory

元典儒家君子人格的核心是尊道而忘势、从道不从君,孔子和孟子忠实践履了"仕官"的人格之 "正",呈现为价值追求之生命难堪,却向后世昭示了"道"的伟大。汉儒的理想人格集中体现为"三纲"背景下 的圣贤崇拜,程朱陆王的圣贤气象主要是在心灵世界描绘和用劲的理想人格。从臣民的依附性人格到公民的 自主性人格的呼唤与追求,是近代中国人终于探索到的中国问题的核心和民主自由之路的关键。

The core of the original and orthodox Confucian gentleman personality is the worship not for the power and sovereignty but for the Tao. Confucius and Mencius practiced loyally the genuineness of the literati' s personality, showing the twists and turns in the life when they achieved the value, and declared the greatness of Tao to the later generations. The ideal personality of the Confucian scholars in Han dynasty embodied intensively the sage worship under the background of Three Creeds, and then Cheng, Zhu, Lu and Wang mainly took great pains with the mind world and its description to manifest their sage phenome-na. The appeal for and pursuit to the personality transformation from dependent subject to independent citi-zen are the core of Chinese problems that Chinese people explored in modern times eventually, and are the key to democracy and road to freedom.