令状的司法化与早期英国王权的特殊性

Judicialization of Writs and the Particularities of Early British Royal Power

令状制度是英国普通法历史上最为重要也最具有特色的司法制度,它和陪审制度一起构成了普通法形成与发展的程序基础。王权是理解早期普通法形成过程的一个不容忽视的因素。在从王室的行政令状到作为一种普通法诉讼制度的司法化令状的演变过程中,早期英国王权演变和特殊性扮演着重要角色,推动了中央司法治理的制度化、例行化,也为通行全国的普通法的形成奠定了基础。

In the history the evolution of the common law in Great Britain, the regime of writs in the judicial system plays a significant and particular role. Together with the jury system, it lays the foundation for the establishment and development of the common law. Meanwhile, royal power is also an important factor in the formation of the common law. Royal power greatly attributes to the transformation of the royal writs from the executive nature to the judicial nature during the period of the Norman Conquest (1066) to Angevin (1154- 1189). This transformation helps push ahead with the institutionalization and regulation of the central judiciary and affords a good foundation for the formation of the common law in the whole country.