民事诉讼中的证据调查制度

Comparison of the Institutions of Evidence Examination and Weighing

证据调查程序和证据调查方法直接关系到当事人的举证能力和案件事实的发现,对此两大法系采用了不同的立法模式。英美法系以形式合理性为基础,以发现程序作为独立的证据调查程序;大陆法系国家受发现真实主义理念的影响,没有设立独立的证据调查程序。但也赋予了当事人一定的证据调查手段,如文书提出命令、资讯请求权等。我国民事诉讼法并未明确确立证据调查程序和证据调查方法,本文在对我国民事诉讼关于证据调查立法的历史沿革进行分析的基础上,提出了我国确立证据调查程序的思路。

A party's ability to produce evidence and the investigation of the fact of a case are directly affected by the process and ways of evidence examination and weighing, towards which different legislative ideas are assumed by two legal systems. In the common law countries, an independent evidence examination process called discovery prevails that roots on due process; while in the civil law countries no counterpart exists simply because they are deeply influenced by the notion of reality seeking. Of course, parties are also afforded some means to collect and weigh evidence, e.g., document-production orders, and the right to inquiry for information. In the civil procedure law of the PRC, no express provisions are enacted concerning process or ways of evidence examination and weighing. On the analysis of the evolution of the legislations related to evidence examination in China, this author puts forward his ideas about the commencement of an evidence examination process in China.