GPS在结构健康监测中的研究与应用进展

Advance in research and application of GPS to structural health monitoring

在土木工程领域,采用GPS对建(构)筑物进行健康监测是该学科发展的一个新的突破,因其具有高效、快速、全天候、全自动等优点,近年来基于这一技术的健康监测方法在特大型建筑物的变形监测中开始应用。首先阐述了结构健康监测的必要性和迫切性,简要回顾了传统的结构变形监测方法,然后探讨了GPS技术的发展历程,重点讨论了GPS中的RTK技术的原理、特点和当前国内外的应用情况,最后对基于RTK技术的健康监测方法在土木工程中的应用前景进行了展望。

In civil engineering, the health monitoring by use of GPS technology is a new breakthrough. It has been used in the health monitoring of large structures due to its attractive characteristics such as high efficiency, rapid determination, all weather and full automatization. In this paper, the necessity and urgency to conduct health monitoring are firstly presented in the civil engineering, and then the conventional methods for measuring structural deformation are outlined. The development process of GPS technology is reviewed, which introduces the basic theory and nature of RTK technology of GPS in detail. After that, the current statuses of application of RTK to civil engineering at home and abroad are discussed with some demonstrations. Finally,the perspective usage and future studies on GPS RTK technology in civil engineering are proposed.