干旱半干旱地区降雨下渗过程的若干问题探讨

Some Aspects of Rainfall Infiltration Processes in Arid and Semi-arid Region

通过对Horton、Philip下渗能力曲线的讨论以及王家沟流域不同地类下渗试验的应用比较分析,表明Horton下渗能力曲线比Philip下渗能力曲线具有更明确的物理意义。但由于它们都是把下渗的出现作为地表饱和的结果以及由于流域上下渗分布的不均匀性,因此不能把它们直接应用于流域的产流计算。总结分析了目前对降雨下渗过程的研究,认为加强对降雨下渗规律的认识,将降雨下渗与土壤水分运动的动态变化过程结合起来研究,可以为流域径流形成机理的认识和流域水文模型的建立奠定基础。

The Horton and Philip infiltration capacity curve are discussed and applied on the different infiltration measurement in Wangjiagou watershed. It is found that the Horton infiltration capacity curve is more applicable than the Philip infiltration capacity curve for the uniform soil. But they aren't directly used for runoff generation calculation since they are derived under the saturated land surface conditions and the nonuniform distribution of infiltration on watershed. The processes of rainfall-infiltration are reviewed, the research on the relation of the rainfall infiltration and the soil water is the basic factor for knowing the runoff generation mechanism and building the distributed hydrological model.