民国初年“四党”宪法讨论会及其意义

"Four Parties' "Forum on the Constitution in the Early of ROC

1913年,辛亥革命后首次国会选举尘埃落定,国民党、共和党、民主党、统一党成为国会中占席位最多的四党。为了防止国会制宪时出现"党见之纷争",四党决定在国会开会前聚"有聪明、才力、学识、阅历"之人员,举行宪法讨论会。此次宪法讨论会对领土规定、总统选举、总统权限、宪法以外之国家机关、国务员组织、两院关系等问题进行了激烈的讨论,使得各党的主张得以明晰化。此次讨论会对民初的政党政治、制宪等发生了重大影响,其体现的制宪中的协商精神至今仍有积极意义。

In 1913, after Xinhai Revolution, the first parliament election finished, Kuomingtang, Republican Party, Democracy Party and Unification Party became the most biggest four parties to occupy the seat in the parliament. In order to prevent the 'dispute on party's stand' during enacting constitution, four parties decided to collect 'the intelligent, the talent, the wisdom and the experienced' to hold conference about constitution before parliament opening. They drastically discussed such problems as the territory, president-election, purview of the president's power, national department beyond the constitution, compose of the member of the state-meeting and the relationship between two congress to make their views clarity. It influenced the party policy in the early of Republic of China and also use for reference for its negotiation and solution on the definite problems in enacting constitution till now.