清末预备立宪的史实考论

The Historical Examination on Probationary Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty

清末预备立宪是清王朝封建专制统治集团在内外交困时期为继续维持统治而被迫提起的。预备立宪的目的是使"皇位永固",让"外患渐轻",致"内乱可弭"。通过改官制、开办地方咨议局和中央资政院,清王朝封建专制统治集团拟定立宪日期,颁布意在继续维持封建专制统治的"钦定宪法大纲"和"重大信条",但并没有起到延缓其统治的作用,反而加速了封建专制王朝自身的灭亡。

In order to maitain its domination and owing to its troubles on home and abroad ,the autocratic ruling group of Qing Dynasty was forced to enter probationary constitutionalism with the aim to perpetuate sovereignity ,lessen foreign aggression and put an end to internal disturbance during its late phase. After reforming the system of officials and establishing consultative angencies at local and central levels ,Qing monarch set the time for constitutionalism and promulgated Constitutional Guidelines Made by Imperial Order and Major Creeds to postphone its governing ,on the contrary ,speed up its own doom.