存在哲学视野中的交往行为理论——哈贝马斯交往行为理论的另一种解读

The Theory of Communicative Action in Being Philosophy's View ——Another Illustration for Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action

哈贝马斯的交往行为理论作为一种批判的社会理论,在批判现代西方社会日益严重的弊病和危机的同时,旨在为这一社会提供一种建设性的解决方案。海德格尔的存在哲学则关注于人的生存问题,力图通过对"存在"整体的深度分析来揭示现实生活世界中人们的生存困境,并最终通过诗性的语言来得到克服。与海德格尔的这一思想进路相比较,哈贝马斯的交往行为理论也可以视为是面向生活世界的交往问题而提出来的。哈贝马斯以生活世界作为他的交往行为理论的现实起点,以交往行为为核心实现"交往范式"对"劳动范式"的理论置换,并通过对交往行为进行规范语用学分析将交往理性重建为一种规范的力量,揭示出植根于生活世界的交往活动之中的有效性规范,以此谋求对交往问题的规范性解决。

Habermas' theory of communicative action, as a critical social theory, not only criticizes severe abuses of the modern western society, but puts forward a constructive project for it. Heidegger's Being philosophy, concerning the existence of human being, tries to open up the existence plight of human being in life world by depth analysis of Existence, and overcomes it ultimately with poetical language. Comparing with Heidegger's thinking way, Habermas' theory of communicative action may be regarded as being put forward by him while facing the communication in life world. Habermas uses the life world as realistic jumping-off of his theory of communicative action, and realizes the theory transformation from the paradigm of labor into the paradigm of communication with the communication-cored. He reconstructs communication reason as a normative force by way of carrying out an analysis of formal pragmatics for communication action, opens out validity norm hiding in communication activity rooted in the life world, and tries for normative settlement for communication problems.