商王朝疆域探索

A Probe into the Territory of the Shang Dynasty

商王朝的疆域 ,是一个有待深入研究的课题。随着考古发掘的日益增多 ,可以与文献相互参照并结合甲骨文资料 ,逐步找出解决这一问题的途径。从目前掌握的文献与考古资料 ,可以明确看到 ,对商王朝的疆域可以分三个层次来探讨 :一是商王朝的直接辖区即王畿 ;二是商王朝行政、信息所达 ,基本上能够管理的地区 ;三是商王朝影响所及的地域。在三个层次中 ,惟有第二个层次才是商王朝的疆域。据此 ,《汉书·贾捐之传》所言之“东不过江黄 ,西不过氐羌 ,南不过蛮荆 ,北不过朔方” 。

The question of the territory of the Shang Dynasty is one that is worth deep exploration.With the increase of the archaeological findings,by referring to literature and the relative oracle bone inscriptions,the question can be resolved gradually.The discussion of the territory of the Shang Dynesty can be carried out at three levels.At the first level is the area which is under the direct administration of the central government.At the second level is the area where the government’s administration and information reach.In the main it is under the rule of the Shang Dynasty.The area where the Shang Dynasty’s inflnence is felt is at the third level.As recorded in the Life of Jia Juanzhi in the Book of Han,“to the east it reaches as far as Jianghuang,to the west it reaches as far as Diqiang,to the south as far as Manjing and to the north Shuofang.”That is the very territory of the Shang Dynasty.