论寻找和发展国际习惯的传统与现代方法

A Review of Different Approaches to Identification and Development of International Custom

主要论述寻找和发展国际习惯的两种不同的方法:传统的和现代的方法。前者注重"国家实践"的作用,后者特别强调"法律确念"的重要性和价值。按照传统的方法找到的习惯被称为"传统习惯",按照现代的方法找到的习惯被称为"现代习惯"。从分析国际习惯的组成要素入手,指出两者之间的相同和不同之处,并说明这种分法会导致国际习惯理论的不统一和使国际习惯本身变得模糊不清。最后介绍了一种可以统摄和协调这两种方法的理论:反映性解释方法。

The paper starts with a comparative study of the two prevailing approaches of identifying and developing international custom: traditional and modern. It argues that the present classification of international custom as 'traditional' and 'modern' may well give rise to a blur of international custom as well as a conceptual unconformity in related theories. As a solution to the problem, the author recommends a new theory that integrates and reconciles the two approaches, namely the reflective interpretive approach.