民国中期的地权分配与农业经营——以中原地区为例

Land right distribution and agricultural running in the middle of the Republic of China——A case of the Central China in point

民国时期中国是落后的农业国家,农业经济在国民经济中占有重要地位。地处祖国腹地的河南,地权在集中下又呈不同的态势:地主占有的土地较此前有所降减,失去土地的农民也日趋增多,小农经济大量存在;地主靠出租土地对农民进行封建剥削,实物地租占有极大份额;农业商品化生产虽有发展,但因受帝国主义和封建主义的双重压迫显得十分微弱。农村经济呈现日趋衰退的态势。这些情况表明,只有进行彻底的土地改革,农民才能真正获得解放。

China was a country of backward agriculture, and agricultural economy played an important role in national economy. In Henan, located in the center of China, the land right was centralized with diverse tendencies: the landlords occupied less land than before, the farmers losing land increased, and the small-scale agricultural economy existed everywhere; the landlords imposed feudal exploitation on the farmers through land lease, material land lease occupied dominant share; the agricultural commodity production began to develop, but extremely feeble due to the double persecutions of imperialism and feudalism. The rural economy submitted the tendency of gradual decline. The situations demonstrated that the farmers could not be liberated until an utmost land reform was carried out.