论班固的风俗观

On BAN Gu's Custom Concept

由于对风俗和民俗概念认识的差异,大多学者认为中国古代没有系统的风俗理论,进而讲风俗研究史多从近代五四新文化运动时起,对古人的风俗理论有所忽视。实际上,古人有着丰富的风俗理论。班固第一个对风俗做出阐释,形成了正确的风俗观。其风俗观主要有三个方面的内容:其一,地理环境影响着风俗形成的初始状态;其二,历史文化传统规定着风俗演变的内在轨迹;其三,王道教化对二者的"中和"使之和谐,决定着风俗转化的理想状态。班固的风俗观奠定了中国古代风俗理论研究的基础。自此以后,尽管对风俗的研究不断发展,但其体制、风貌大都没有脱离这个基本的范围。

Owing to the discrepancy between custom and folkways , the majority of scholars are ignorant of the ancient custom theory in China. In fact ,the ancient China was rich in custom theory . BAN Gu was the pioneer to expand custom and fostered a well-founded concept towards custom .His concept mainly dealt with three aspects .First , geographical environment exerted an influence on the shaping of custom in its embryo . Second , cultural tradition stipulated the developing orbit in its inner development . Third , neutralization enlightenment determined the ideal state of the custom transformation . BAN Gu's custom concept laid a foundation for the study of custom theory in ancient China . Since then , although custom study of others was developing steadily ,their system and style did not deviate from this primary scope.