姜科姜黄属植物有效成分的研究

Effective Chemical Constituents in Essential Oils from Plants of Curcuma Genus

研究不同产地姜科姜黄属植物挥发油的化学成分 ,了解不同产地姜科姜黄属植物挥发性成分的差别 ,为控制其药材质量提供理论依据。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同产地姜科姜黄属植物的挥发油 ,用气相色谱 -质谱联用仪对其进行分离测定 ,结合计算机检索对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定 ,应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果发现 ,不同产地姜科姜黄属植物的水蒸气蒸馏提取物得率在0.20%～2.13 %之间 ,分别鉴定出24～40个化学成分。不同品种、不同产地姜科姜黄属植物的挥发油含量和其所含成分有较大差别 ,文献报道的某些有效成分如莪术酮、莪术二酮、莪术醇和表莪术酮在某些供试品中未检测到。实验中10个供试品药材中挥发性成分主要为单萜类及倍半萜类化合物及其衍生物 ,倍半萜类化合物的百分含量 (44.57%～88.65 %)明显高于单萜类化合物的百分含量 (1.63 %～26.69%)。

For quality control of essential oils,the chemical compositions of volatile oils taken from different species of curcuma genus(Curcuma longa L.,Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling,Curcuma phaeoˉcaulis Val.and Curcuma kwangsinensis S.G.Lee etC.F.Liang)and fromvarious producingareas were studˉied.Steamdistillation was used forthe extraction of oils,and GC-MSwas employed forthe separation and deˉtermination of their chemical constituents.Identification of isolated compounds was performed with the aid of the data processing system and mass spectral databases.Relative contents of oil constituents were computed from the normalized peak areas.The extraction rates of essential oils from different species of Curcuma genus were found to be in the range of0.20%～2.13%.Usually24～40chemical constituents were separated and identified.The ten tested samples showed significant difference in their extraction rates and compositions of essential oils.In some of the tested samples,effective constituents,such as curzerenon,curdione,curcumol and epi-curzerenone,were not detected.All the samples consist mainly of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes,and the sesquiterpene fraction(44.57%～88.65%)is larger than the monoterpene fraction(1.63%～26.69%).