清末以来开封市水域景观格局变化

Landscape Pattern Dynamics of Water Body in Kaifeng City since the End of the Qing Dynasty (AD1898-2002)

借助历史资料和地理信息系统技术,对清末以来开封市水域景观格局的演变进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)100余年来,开封市水域景观面积和景观优势度经历了一个由小变大,然后又由大变小的过程。其中,2002年的水域面积为169.6hm2,为1966年的35%,1898年的89%;景观优势度由1898年的14.6%增加到1966年的36.9%,到了2002年变为13.1%。(2)从1898年到2002年开封市区水域斑块的数量在增加,最大斑块面积有减小的趋势,最小斑块面积也有减小的趋势,平均斑块面积趋于减小,但斑块密度却在增加,这充分反映了开封市水域景观破碎度的增加。(3)从1898年到2002年开封市水域斑块的连通性指数是在不断减少的,只是近年来,才有增加的趋势;分维数也有增加的趋势。引起开封市水域景观格局变化的原因既有自然的因素,又有人为的因素。建国以前以黄河的影响为主,建国后人类活动的影响占有重要地位。

Based on historical data and remote sensing data, six indices including patch number, patch area, landscape dominance index, fractal dimension, patch density and connectivity index were used to analyze landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city since the end of the Qing Dynasty. The results showed: 1) Since the end of Qing Dynasty, landscape area of water body in Kaifeng city had experienced a process of increase first and then decrease from AD1898 to AD2002; the landscape dominant degree had the same change with the area. 2) Patch number of water landscape in Kaifeng city increased from AD1898 to AD2002, but the area of maximum patch, the area of minimum patch and the average patch area decreased, but patch density increased, resulting in an increase in landscape fragment degree. 3) Connectivity index decreased and fractal dimension increased from AD1898 to AD2002. The reasons for these changes include both natural factors and human factors. Prior to 1949, the impact of the Yellow River predominates and after 1949, the impact of anthropogenic activities play the leading role.