中国植绥螨资源及其生物学研究进展

The recent advances on resources and biology of phytoseiid mites

植绥螨是许多害螨和小型有害昆虫的重要捕食性天敌 ,在农业生产中极具利用价值。我国植绥螨资源相当丰富 ,大量的资源调查工作是在 2 0世纪 70年代末开始的。到目前为止 ,我国已经从不同地区作物上鉴定出植绥螨 2 60余种 ,其中有利用价值的约 2 0种左右。在 2 5～ 3 0℃的适宜温度下 ,植绥螨从卵到羽化为成螨约需 6～ 7d ,而寿命能长达 3 0～ 5 0d。它们对大多数的害螨的功能反应基本成HollingⅡ型。多数成螨为喜湿类型 ,较高的湿度对于孵化和存活尤为重要。在夏季高温和冬季低温来临时进行越夏和越冬 ,以度过不良的环境。植绥螨行两性生殖 ,不交配或交配时间不够 ,不产卵或少产 ,有些种类需要多次交配才能完全产卵。

It is very useful for Phytoseiid mites are important and useful predatory nature enemies to control many injurous mites and small harmful insects in agriculture. Phytoseiid mites are rich in our country and the work of collecting resouce begun at the end of 70's in twenty century.Over 260 phytoseiid mites species had been identified in crops of different area, including about 20 very useful species.At the optimun temperature 25～30℃,the developmental time of phytoseiid mites from egg to adult is about 6～7 days and their longevity are 30～50 days.The response of phytoseiid mites to lots of injurious mites belongs to Holling's Ⅱ equation.Many phytoseiid mites are hydrotropic species of like humidity and high relative humidity has beneficial effect on egg hatching and mite survival. When high temperature in summer or low temperature in winter,phytoseiid mites could passed the adverse circumstances by oversummer or overwinter for a short time. Phytoseiid mites need mating to produce eggs. No matting or lack matting times lead to inhabit ovipositiou. Some species could produce eggs completely by matting many times.