西北干旱区荒漠化成因分析与防治对策

An Analysis of the Origin of Desertification in Arid Area of Northwest China and Corresponding Countermeasures

我国西北干旱区土地总面积约占国土总面积的25%,大部分被戈壁,沙漠所覆盖;近几十年来沙漠化扩大的速度愈来愈快,形势严峻。形成沙漠化的原因,主要包括自然原因与人为原因两方面,其中人为原因占主导地位。在人为因素中主要包括水资源的不合理开发利用与森林植被的砍伐破坏,其中前者占主导地位。在详细分析了由于人类活动影响,造成环境的恶化,水环境的演变又造成生态环境的恶化,其最终结果是造成大面积的土地沙漠化的同时,还探讨了沙漠化与沙尘暴之间的关系,提出了防治沙漠化的有关对策。

The typical arid area in Northwest China covers about 25% of the whol e territory, mostly desert and gravel plain known as Gobi. During the past 50 ye ars, the rapid extension of desertification has become more and more severe. The origin of the desertification includes both natural factors and artificial fact ors, the later being the major one, including the irrational development and uti lization of water resources as well as the destruction of forest or vegetation a re. This paper gives a detail analysis of the variation of the water environment due to the impact of human activities. The worsening of water environment has c aused the deterioration of the eco-environment, resulting in a large-scale of de sertification. The paper also discusses the relationship between the desertifica tion and the dust storm in N. China. Some countermeasures have been put forward for the prevention to the extension of desertification.