阿勒泰地区雪灾遥感监测模型与评价方法

Snow disaster in Aletai Region—Its remote sensing monitoring model and evaluation method.

利用我国新疆阿勒泰地区 1996～ 1997年两次雪灾期间的NOAA卫星数据及地面气象台站观测资料 ,建立了积雪深度遥感反演模型 ;利用线性混合光谱分解原理 ,研究了基于像元的积雪覆盖率及积雪空间分类算法 ;提出评价积雪对草地畜牧业危害程度的两种基于格网数据结构的定量化指数 .结果表明 ,通过积雪深度反演模型和线性混合光谱分解方法可计算基于像元的积雪深度和覆盖率 ,提高积雪分类的精度 .建立的基于格网单元的积雪危害指数模型可系统地表达积雪区的雪情、草情、畜情和气象因子的空间分布状况 。

In this paper,a monitoring model of snow depth was built based on the 4 scenes of NOAA satellite digital images under sunshiny condition and the corresponding ground observation data from 20 meteorological stations during 2 snow disasters from 1996 to 1997 in North Xinjiang.The pixel-based snow coverage rate and snow spatial classification were studied by using linear mixture spectrum disassembling method,and two grid data layers based quantified indices used for estimating snow hazard grade of grassland and animal husbandry were put forward.The results indicated that by using the snow monitoring model and linear mixture spectrum disassembling method,the image cell based snow depth and snow coverage rate could be calculated,and the precision of snow classification could be improved.The image cell based snow hazard index could systematically express the spatial distribution of snow,grass,animal and climate conditions,and reflect the snow hazard grade of grassland and animal husbandry.