生态系统途径——生态系统管理的一种新理念

Ecosystem approach:A new concept for ecosystem management.

介绍了生态系统途径的概念和内涵 .生态系统途径最早由西方生态学家提出 ,随后得到一系列国际学术组织和国家的认同和支持 ,其中《生物多样性公约》、世界自然保护联盟和世界野生动物基金发挥了重要作用 .生态系统途径的实质是对土地、水和生物资源进行综合管理 ,旨在生态系统保护、生物资源可持续利用和共享生物资源三者之间达到平衡 .作为生态系统管理的一种方法论 ,它以生物为核心 ,将人类及文化的多样性视为生态系统的一个组成部分 .2 0 0 0年《生物多样性公约》缔约国会议上制定的生态系统管理的 12条基本原则和 5项行动指南 ,丰富了生态系统途径的内涵 ,明确了实施的办法 .我国在生态系统管理方面有着丰富的学术储备和经验总结 。

Ecosystem approach (EA) was firstly proposed by ecologists in developed countries and then supported by a number of international institutions and NGOs,among which,CBD,IUCN and WWF played important roles.Ecosystem approach is an integrated strategy for the management of land,soil and bio-resources.The application of EA will help to reach a balance between conservation,sustainable use,and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of biological resources.Ecosystem approach is a methodology of ecosystem management,focusing on the biological organisms and recognising that human beings,with their cultural diversity,are an integral component of many ecosystems.The decision V/6 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the CBD at its fifth meeting in 2000 concretized the EA in the form of twelve principles and five operational guidelines.Our government has recently made a lot of efforts in ecosystem management at large scale with many important measures and obtained significant achievements,but the potential role of local governments,institutions and individuals has not been fully played.In the attempts of managing a specific ecosystem,there are many successful cases done by our ecologists,for example,the ecological management of Chinese fir plantation forest in central subtropical China.However,the whole ecosystem at national or regional level is confronted with a lot of serious problems,mainly because there is a lack of complete understanding of the significance of ecosystem management and a lack of guidelines or principles from an integrated scientific theory.The introduction and implementation of ecosystem approach will play an important role in improving the ecosystem management in China.