山茱萸核果的解剖结构和组织化学定位

Anatomical Structure and Histochemical Localization of the Drupe of Macrocarpium officinacle

用解剖学和组织化学的方法研究了山茱萸 (MacrocarpiumofficinacleSieb .etZucc .)核果的解剖结构和皂甙、多糖的组织化学定位。结果表明 :山茱萸核果的外果皮革质 ,由一层被覆较厚角质膜的表皮细胞构成 ;中果皮肉质 ,由多列薄壁细胞构成 ,含色素细胞不均匀分布 ,靠近外果皮的薄壁细胞大多为含色素细胞 ,使果实呈现红色 ,向内的薄壁细胞体积渐渐增大 ,在较大的薄壁细胞以及维管束周围的薄壁细胞内常含有色素块。组织化学定位显示 :外中果皮的含色素细胞的色素块中含有丰富的皂甙和多糖 ,果实的中果皮的薄壁细胞在未成熟时就已经形成皂甙 。

The methods of anatomy and histochemistry were used to research anatomical structure and histochemical localization of saponin and polyoses of the drupe of Macrocarpium officinacle Sieb.et Zucc..The results showed that exocarp was leather and composed of a layer of epidermal cells with thickened cuticle.Mesocarp was fleshy and composed of many parenchyma cells.The distribution of pigment cells in mesocarp was uneven.Many cells near exocarp were pigment cell which made the fruit red.The inner parenchyma cells became bigger and bigger.The bigger parenchyma cell and the parenchyma cells that surrounded vascular bundles were rich in pigment.The histochemical localization showed that the pigment of the pigment cells of exocarp and mesocarp abounded in saponin and polyoses.Saponin had already existed in the parenchyma cells of mesocarp of immature fruit and accumulated gradually along with the maturation of fruit.