赣南山区生态农业模式及其效益

An Ecological Agricultural Model and Its Benefit in Mountain Areas in Southern Jiangxi Province

20世纪80年代赣南山区由于资源掠夺性的开发利用,水土流失非常严重,部分农田成了"江南沙漠"。水土流失造成生态恶化,形成了典型的"生态恶化导致生活贫困,生活贫困又加剧生态恶化"的恶性循环。始于80年代的江西山江湖工程选择赣南山区的典型流域试验和推广生态农业模式,提出了"治山必须治穷"的原则,建立了"山顶戴帽,山腰种果,山下养殖,种养结合,立体布局"的模式和"猪—沼—果"或"猪—沼—鱼"的庭院经济模式,实施十几年来流域内取得了显著的社会、经济和生态效益。

In the 1980s, the intensive and irrational use and development of natural resources in the mountain areas in south Jiangxi Province caused serious water loss and soil erosion. Some farming lands were desertified. The erosion resulted in ecological deterioration, which led to increased poverty in rural areas. The increased poverty, in turn, exacerbated ecological deterioration. The MRL Project was implemented in Jiangxi Province in the 1980s. The project involved selection of a typical watershed in the mountain region as an experimentation and demonstration area in which to carry out ecological agricultural modelling. The principle 'harnessing the mountain should harness the poverty' was proposed. The 'plant trees up the hills, plant fruit in the middle of hills, stockbreed down the hills and integrate planting and stockbreeding' model, the 'pig-biogas-fruit' eco-agriculture model, the 'courtyard economy' model and the 'feudal economy' model were popularized and vigorously developed throughout the basin. This integrated watershed development model for mountain areas appears to be the most effective way to develop the economy in southern Jiangxi Province. The project also presents a good example for the sustainable development of natural resources and ecological protection in mountain areas in the south of China.