北京不同生境鼠类及其感染汉坦病毒的调查

Investigation on the Rodents and their Hantavirus Infection in Beijing

目的 了解北京不同生境鼠形动物及其感染汉坦病毒 (HV )的空间分布。方法 选取北京 5个区 (县 ) 9类生态环境 ,于 2 0 0 2年 8月至 2 0 0 3年 11月春、秋季节采用夹夜法捕获以鼠类为主的HV宿主。应用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)检测其携带HV的情况。利用SPSS软件分析宿主及其自然感染HV的空间分布特征。结果 共捕获宿主动物 3 87只 ,平均密度 6.67%。 6个调查点 9类生境的鼠形动物群落构成 (多样性、均匀度和优势度 )特征不同、生物分配量不同 ,以褐家鼠在食堂、菜地的生物分配量最高 ,野栖型生境大林姬鼠的生物分配量最大 ,高于黑线姬鼠的生物量。携带的HV均为汉城型 (SEO) ,带病毒宿主主要为褐家鼠、小家鼠 ,分别占 97.2 0 %和 2 .80 %。不同调查点阳性率 :昌平区11.49%、海淀区西北部 7.5 8%、海淀区中南部 6.3 8%、延庆县 3 .5 7% ,门头沟区和怀柔区均为 0。 9种生境的阳性率分别是 :11.88% (养殖场 )、10 .44 % (垃圾场 )、8.82 % (食堂 )、8.16% (工地 )、6.85 % (菜地 )、0 (农梯田、低矮灌木、山林和民房 )。总体家栖性生境和野栖型生境二者之间差异有显著性 (χ2 =4.65 8,P =0 .0 3 1)。结论 北京地区不同生境的鼠类密度、群落构成有不同程度的差异 ;鼠类及其HV感染空间分布广泛 ,尚未?

Objective To identify the spatial distribution of rodents and hantavirus infection in Beijing. Methods Nine sites in Beijng were selected for a survey of HV reservoirs, especially the rodents. The captured hosts were identified. RT PCR was used to amplify the partial M fragments of hantavirus to determine the positive rate. The character of spatial distribution of hantavirus infection of rodents population was analyzed using SPSS software. Results 387 rodents were captured, among which Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species. The significant difference of spatial distribution of HV reserviors community and HV prevalence in selected sites had not been observed. The infection of SEO HV was widely distributed in the area studied, and mainly restricted to Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus . The results of present study show that rodents from non domestic habitat did not carry HV. There was no significant difference of HV prevalence among sites as well as among 9 different niche. Significant difference in infection rate of HV was observed between domestic habitat and field habitat (include cultivation,brushwood and forest). Conclusion There are to a certain extend differences of rodents community and HV infection among different sites and different habitat in Beijing. The SEO HV infection of rodents was widely distributed in domestic habitat in Beijing and the major host of hantaviruse in Beijing was Rattus norvegicus . The new nature focus of HTN HV was not found.