三江平原植被特征与动态分析

The Character and the Mechanism of the Vegetation Development in Sanjiang Plain in the Past Fifty Years

近50年来,伴随着人口增长和经济的发展,三江平原的生态环境发生了巨大变化,植被的变化更加明显。笔者分析了三江平原天然植被在特定的气候、水文、地质、地貌环境下形成的基本原因,以及依地形地势而变化的分布格局,分别介绍了典型沼泽湿地、森林、中生草甸3种主要天然植被类型在分布、物种构成、生活环境等方面的特点和最近50年来发生的变化,从人为和自然两方面说明了植被变化的主要驱动力,阐述了在人类活动影响下典型湿地植被变化的基本机理。

With the prosperity of population and economy,the ecosystem has been changed greatly in Sanjiang plain in the past fifty years,especially the transformation of the vegetation is more evident.These transformations have aroused the people's more attention about the ecosystem of Sanjiang plain.The text analyses the basic reason of the formation about the nature vegetation under the especial climate,water and geography,and analyses the distributing pattern of the nature vegetation according to the terrain and hypsography;the text also introduces respectively the characteristics and transformation of distributing,species structure and existing circumstance in the past fifty years about three nature vegetations: model swamp wetland,the forest and the meadow.The basic driving force is explained from nature and artificiality,and the basic transformation mechanism of the model wetland vegetation under the human influence is set forth.