南极半岛海洋气候区的土壤 Ⅷ.鸟成土

SOILS IN THE MARITIME ANTARCTIC Ⅷ. ORNITHOGENIC SOILS

以强烈生物活动参与和外源有机质输入为发生学基础、以鸟粪矿化与下部岩石层磷化作用为主要发生学过程的鸟成土在南极海洋气候区广泛分布,形成独特的海岸带土壤景观。本文对南极海洋气候区内鸟成土的发生学特点、剖面形态特征、新成矿物主要类型及其发生机制进行了论述;对鸟成土随栖息地遗弃向残积鸟成土演变的过程进行了阐述。在上述基础上,论述了本区内鸟成土在发生、发育与演化过程中相对于南极其他地区鸟成土所表现的特殊性。

Characterized by strong biological participation and input of extraneous organic matter in the surface layer, ornithogenic soils in penguin rookeries are formed through the pedogenic processes dominated by mineralization of guano and phosphatization of underlying rock. In this paper major pedogenic, characteristics, morphologic profile features, mineral formation and distribution patterns of ornithogenic soils in the maritime Antarctic were expounded, and process of the soils in the abandoned rookeries evolving towards relic ornithogenic soils was demonstrated. Meanwhile, in comparison with ornithogenic soils in other places outside the maritime Antarctic, the soil in this region exhibited some particularities in soil-forming and evolutional processes, and in morphology and mineralogy.