一份清代失意文人病态心理的标本──谈汪景祺的《读书堂西征随笔》

A Morbid-Psychology Specimen Of The Frustrated Scholars In Qing Dynasty

雍正初汪景祺因牵及年羹尧案而被杀 ,其主要罪证为《读书堂西征随笔》 ,集中虽有“悖谬”的内容 ,但并不属于有意识的反清性质 ,他对一些社会现象的暴露 ,对清官名臣的丑诋亦非从一种正义感和清醒的社会批判出发 ,而是宣泄个人困穷潦倒的偏激怨恨情绪 ,他对年羹尧的谀颂和生活情趣上的无聊猥鄙都可见其思想人格的庸俗卑下。《读书堂西征随笔》反映出清代部分失意文人的病态心理。

At the very beginning of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng,Wang Jingqi was put to death due to the case of Nian Geng-yao.He was indicted with the collection of “Essays of Literary Academy on Western March”,a famous literary inquisition,which,in fact,is not attributed to the revolt against the imperial government,though it contains some absurds.His exposition of some social evidences as well as his calumniation of the existing government is not based on a sense of Justice and proper critisism,but rather a vent given to his pent-up feelings,extreme resentment against his poverty.His eulogy on Nian Geng-yao and the despicability of his life show his vularity of both his mind and personality.The collection reflects the morbid psychology of some frustrated scholars in Qing Dynasty.