冲击波负压确能使动物致伤

BLAST UNDERPRESSURE CAN DEFINITELY INJURE ANIMALS

冲击波负压对机体有无致伤作用,或它对物体的破坏作用有多大,至今还没有确切的认识。本文着重研究不同水平的冲击波负压峰值对大白鼠的影响,冲击波负压通过负压发生装置来模拟调节,该装置可产生化爆、核爆和爆炸性减压条件下的各种参数。负压峰值范围为-13～-90kPa,负压下降时间为1～90ms,持续时间为14～2000ms。本文研究的负压持续时间为1OOms 左右。将 Wistar 系大白鼠分为5组,每组10只,其中一组为正常对照组,余5组分别暴露于平均负压峰值为-53.7kPa 至-85.9kPa 的环境中,立即解剖动物,重点观察肺病变,同时用6只家兔暴露于冲击波负压环境中。实验结果显示,在上述负压环境中,肺可出现从无伤至极重度伤,出血充血以及肺表面压痕与肺冲击伤的表现非常相似。随着负压峰值的变化,各组肺伤情亦随着变化,且相关非常显著,负压的降压倍数(P_0/P_ab)分别与肺伤率和动物死亡率相关显著或非常显著。本实验提示,一定条件下的冲击波负压具有明显的致伤作用,在注意冲击波超压的同时,也不应忽略冲击波负压的破坏作用,应综合考虑二者的共同破坏效应。

There is insufficient evidence to define the role playedby the blast underpressure in blast injury.This study is designed toclarify the biological effects of the blast underpressure on animals inthe exposure to the varied strengths of the blast underpressure producedby an underpressure generator.The physical parameters simulated bythis generator range from -13kPa to -90kPa for the peak level,from 1ms to 90ms for the time to the peak level and from 14ms to2,000ms for the duration,respectively.All rats are divided into fivegroups,one of which is served as the control group.The others areexposed to the blast underpressure with the peak level of -53.7kPato -85.9kPa on the average.The results show that the pathologicalchanges are characterized with pulmonary hemorrhage and edema atdifferent levels.The typical hemorrhagic stripes on the lung surfaceare closely similar to that produced by the blast overpressure.Theinjury severity aggravates with the peak level of the blast underpressure.The decreasing ratio of the blast underpressure is significantly relatedto the incidence of the lungs and the mortality of the rats.It isconcluded that the blast underpressure at a certain level could definitelyinflict injuries on animals.