剑川野鼠鼠疫疫源地主要蚤类媒介效能及其流行病学意义的研究

The Vector Efficiency and its Epidemiology Signification of Main Flea Species from Wild Rodents Plague Foci in Jianchuan, Yunnan

在实验室最适温湿度条件下,研究了剑川野鼠鼠疫疫源地主要蚤类特新蚤指名亚种、棕形额蚤和方叶栉眼蚤传播鼠疫的媒介效能和感染鼠疫菌后跳蚤的寿命。结果表明:三种蚤媒介效能分别为0.334、0.067和0;感染蚤平均寿命分别为11.7、25.2和44.1天。分析认为特新蚤指名亚种是野鼠鼠疫的主要媒介,棕形额蚤为次要媒介,而方叶栉眼蚤不能形成菌栓,在传播鼠疫过程中没有实质性的意义。野鼠鼠疫很少累及家鼠鼠群,并缺乏有效的家鼠媒介蚤,难于造成家鼠鼠疫流行,是至今未波及人间的重要原因。

This paper study the vector efficiency and life - span of main flea species :C. Quadratus,N. specialis specialis,F. spadix from wild rodents plague foci in Jianchuan county, under the condition of the best temperature and humidity. The result showed that the vector efficiency of three fleas is 0. 334,0. 067 and 0 respectively,the life- span are 11. 7,25. 2 and 44. 1 days respectively. This study suggested that the N. specialis specialis is main vector,the F. Spadix is subordingation vector,the C. Quadratus could not form bacterial embo-lus,its didnot has any material signification in the plague transmitting process. It may be important factors of not infecting plague in human that the wild rodent plague involving the rats not easy and some times the rats infected but can't cause epidemic in rats because the availability vector lacked.