两广大陆地区酸雨的时空分布规律和化学特点

Chemical Character and Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Acidic Precipitation in Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces

自1988年1月至1989年12月,建立了一个包括70个监测点的酸沉降监测网,进行了常规的干、湿沉降同步观测,获得了大量的监测数据。结果表明:两广地区大面积出现酸雨,酸雨污染较严重地区是广东省粤北和珠江三角洲及广西的“湘桂走廊”。这些地区经济发展迅速,又是SO_2、NO_x排放量较多的地区。降水酸度季节分布明显,即:春季>冬季>秋季>夏季。降水中主要离子是Ca^(2+)、NH_4^+和SO_4^(2-),化学组成以硫酸盐为主,说明我国两广地区酸雨是煤烟型大气污染造成的。

We had established an acidic deposition network including 70 sites in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and had done routine monitoring work on dry deposition and wet deposition simultaneously from January, 1988 to December, 1989. The results showed that frequency of acid rain was rising and was distributed along main wind direction from north to south in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. The acidity of rain water was the most acidic and acid rain occured most frequently during spring season. The chemical composition of rain water were mainly Ca2+ , NH4+,SO42-. The average ratio of SO42-/NO3 -was 2. 7 times larger than that of the United States. The chemical components in rain water were mainly sulphate and it indicated that the acid rain in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces was caused by air pollution from coal burning.