心理支持对新兵心理适应能力的影响

Effects of psychological support on physiological and mental adaptation in recruits

目的 :研究针对新兵的心理支持方法、措施 ,以提高新兵心理适应能力 .方法 :从某部抽取 4 0 0名新兵分为实验组和对照组 ,通过开展心理教育、心理训练、心理咨询、改善生活环境等多种形式的心理支持 ,采用军人心理应激自评问卷、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和军训伤发生率等指标 ,测试新兵心理适应能力改善情况 .结果 :实验组与对照组新兵比较 ,情感状态、注意力 /反应速度、手工操作敏捷度、感知 运动速度、视感知 /记忆力等神经行为功能明显改善 ,心理应激强度、焦虑和抑郁水平明显降低 ,军训伤发生率显著下降 .结论 :新兵入伍后及时开展有针对性和系统性的心理支持 ,是提高新兵心理适应能力、降低心理应激水平的有效途径 .

AIM: To explore the effects of psychological support on mental adaptation in recruits. METHODS: The psychological support, composed of psychological education, psychological training, mental counseling and working environment improvement, was applied to 200 recruits of the study group, and another 200 recruits was used control group. The effect was assessed with PSET (Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test), SAS (Self-rating Anxiety Scale), SDS (Self-rating Depression Scale) and the rate of military training injury. RESULTS: With psychological support, the neurobehavioral functions composed of emotional status, attention/response speed, manual dexterity, perceptual-motor speed, visual perception/memory improved significantly in the study group compared with those in the control group, and the study group had lower score in PSET, SAS and SDS than control group, and also had lower rate of military training injury. CONCLUSION: The practical and systematic psychological support has significant effect on the mental adaptation of recruits.