施惠原则、垒大户与猫鼠共识

Principle of Charity and the Agreement between Tom and Jerry

本文以反贫困的小额信贷活动中经常遭遇的"垒大户"现象为切入点,对穷人的"责任感"问题进行解释,认为不同理解的背后暗含着与跨范式沟通相关的障碍。从这一点出发,本文引用戴维森的"施惠原则"。作者提出,中国的反贫困操作者(主要指NGO们)在试图沟通农户和外国捐助机构之间的理解鸿沟时,扮演的角色是在猫、鼠之间来回变换。在充当尴尬的猫鼠双身动物之时,反贫困领域的NGO们缺乏的是对一些基本问题的基于整体信念和相应规范的重新解释。

In the operation of small-amount credit as part of China's anti-poverty program, there has appeared a phenomenon which is called lei da hu - a fraudulent act of applying for more credits under other names. Such a phenomenon brings up the problem of integrity and responsibility of the poor. This essay applies Donald Davidson's 'principle of charity' to the analysis of this phenomenon. The author points out that Chinese NGOs, the main operators in the anti-poverty program, are actually playing a double role of cat and mouse between the farmer-creditors and the foreign donating organs.