空气污染与呼吸系统疾病对儿童肺功能的交互影响

Study on effect of air pollution and respiratory diseases on children's lung function

在中国 4城市儿童肺功能的队列研究数据基础上 ,通过 3步回归的统计方法 ,就空气污染和支气管炎或哮喘的交互作用对儿童肺功能的影响进行了研究。结果发现 ,空气颗粒物与支气管炎或哮喘等呼吸系统疾病对儿童肺功能有不利影响 ,而儿童在短期内患过支气管炎或哮喘会显著地加重空气颗粒物污染对 FVC和 FEV1 的有害影响 ,但从长期来看 ,这种有害影响趋于减弱。对于 FEV1/ FVC,支气管炎或哮喘与空气颗粒物对肺功能的作用是独立的。与气态污染物相比 。

The present article is to introduce the author's research on the negative effects found between the serious air pollution or respiratory diseases and children's lung function. The research has been conducted on the basis of statistic data analysis of the interaction between air pollution and respiratory diseases (bronchitis or asthma) on children's lung function in 4 Chinese cities during the period of 1995—1996. To be exact, the research was done in 8 primary schools of Guangzhou, Wuhan, Lanzhou and Chongqing (one is in suburban area and the others are in the urban area). About 300 primary students in each school were measured for their lung function (FVC, FEV_1, FEV_1/FVC, etc.) twice a year, and both in cold- and in hot-seasons (on the whole, 9 482 person-time covered). Air pollutants near each school, such as TSP, PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2or NO_(x) were regularly tested and monitored in the same periods. Questionnaire survey was also administered to get due information about housing conditions and general health of family members. A so-called three-stage regression model was used to analyze the data concerned. The first stage was committed to the variables selection and the second one was to the adjustment of confounding factors. At the third stage, a linear model with an interactive item was chosen to detect the interaction between the respiratory health and air the pollution effects on children's lung function. The results show that the aerial particles and respiratory diseases have really had adverse effects on FVC and FEV_1. The current bronchitis (5.2% of average morbidity) or asthma (1.2% of average morbidity) is likely to aggravate the adverse effects of the particle matters on children's FVC or FEV_1. For instance, to every 10 μg/m^3 increase of TSP, children who have contracted current-bronchitis would suffer from 7.2 mL decrease in FVC, whereas those who have not contracted would suffer from merely 3.3 mL decrease. And for FEV_1, the figures are 6.0 mL and 3.4 mL, respectively. However, in a long-time point of view, such an aggravated trend of ever-bronchitis effect (26.2% of average morbidity) or ever-asthma effect (3.1% of average morbidity), which may react to the long-term respiratory health status, may seem to be weakened. As for FEV_1/FVC(%), the reaction of bronchitis or asthma and aerial particle matters on the lung function is independent. Compared with the gaseous pollutants, particle matters have stronger interactive effect on children's lung function.