基于GIS的城市公共安全应急决策支持系统的研究

Study on emergency decision support system of urban community safety based on GIS

以地理信息系统 (GIS)为平台 ,集成决策支持系统 (DSS) ,研究开发了“基于 GIS的城市公共安全应急决策支持系统”。该系统包括基础信息子系统、灾害信息子系统、危险源管理子系统、火灾分析子系统、洪灾分析子系统、地震分析子系统、风灾分析子系统、公共安全规划子系统、应急决策子系统和系统总控模块等。剖析了当前城市公共安全决策模式的弊端 ,介绍了该系统的结构框架和各子系统的功能 ,提出了一种快速、高效构建城市基础空间数据库的技术方案 ,并探讨了该系统与城市公共安全体制的融合机制问题。实践证明 ,在对城市可视化与数字化的基础上 ,该系统能够实现城市灾害信息的科学管理 ,各种灾害分析模拟 ,公共安全规划以及应急决策支持 ,从而有效提高突发性城市公共安全应急的效率和响应速度 。

The paper aims to introduce the process of developing the emergency decision support system of urban community safety. As is known, the decisions towards unexpected accidents in the city mainly traditionally rely on the experience and ability of the decision-makers, which inevitably involves too many subjective factors and unavoidable consequences in the process of emergency response. This accounts for the geographic information systems integration with the decision support system to be adopted for the development of the urban community safety emergency decision support systems. The present author intends to illustrate the goals, structural framework and functions of the systems. In addition, we also suggest the necessary technological scheme to build a high-speed and highly efficient spatial database. Based on the visualization and digitalization of infrastructure and disaster information, the decision support system incorporated with the disaster information management, disaster prevention plan and emergency decision pattern has been established, so as to provide the decision-makers with the power to choose schemes to manage and direct the actions to be taken more efficiently in the process of immediate and long term recovery.