铁道客车大变形碰撞仿真研究

Simulation Research on Finite Deformation Crashworthiness of Railway Passenger Car

利用数值仿真技术对铁道客车进行大变形碰撞研究。通过设置不同部分壳体单元的不同厚度,巧妙地处理了车体钢骨架与车体侧墙板及其他各种板件的焊接关系。根据仿真结果分析车身主要吸能部件的变形规律,改进牵引缓冲梁的结构,提高其吸收能量的性能。建立车与车的正撞模型,计算表明初速度相对大的车可能爬到初速度相对小的车上。建立斜角碰撞模型,指出为了减少列车脱轨后的严重伤害,应加强铁道安全护栏的研究。假人模型中的有关头部伤害指标和大腿伤害指标的计算结果表明,列车碰撞及其乘员二次碰撞是导致乘客伤害的关键原因。利用PAM CRASH的并行处理技术,进行了600万自由度有限元模型的25B铁道客车之间的碰撞分析。

Numerical simulation technology is used to do simulation research on finite deformation crashworthiness of railway passenger car. We set the thickness of the shell elements of the welding parts of the steel structure of the car body and its sheathing, such as side wall sheathing, as the sum of their thickness. On the basis of the simulation results, the deformation law of the main energy absorption structure of the car body is analyzed. Some shortcomings in design are found and some corresponding measures for improvement are given. The model of single vehicle crashing with a single vehicle is built. The phenomenon that the vehicle with relative high initial velocity would climb to the other vehicle with relative low initial velocity is found. We build a crashworthiness model of oblique angle, and point out that more researches on safety barriers must be done to reduce the damage after derailment. The numerical results of head injury criterion and leg injury criterion show that train crashworthiness and secondary collisions are the key reasons to result in passenger injury. By using PAM-CRASH parallel function, we develop a finite element model with six million degrees of freedom, and analyze the crashworthiness between two railway vehicles with another two railway vehicles.