失望情境下小学儿童情绪表达规则的运用

The Application of Children's Display in a Disappointing Situation

以91名小学一、三、五年级儿童为被试,采用故事访谈法探讨了失望情境下儿童情绪表达规则运用的发展特点及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)从一年级到五年级,小学儿童在失望情景下的真实情绪和表面情绪都变得越来越积极,且失望情境下无论是在真实情绪上还是在表面情绪上,都没有表现出显著的性别差异;(2)三种人际关系类型下儿童的表面情绪和真实情绪都表现出极大的差异,而且人际关系类型不同儿童使用表达规则的情况也有很大不同,这可以用儿童情绪调节策略的不同来解释;(3)失望情境下,儿童情绪表达规则的使用受到不同人际类型的影响,这可能与儿童对情绪表达社会影响的不同预期有关;(4)儿童的情绪表达目标不受其所处的人际关系类型影响,且不同人际关系下儿童的情绪表达目标不受其年级、性别的影响。

With 91 children of primary school from grade 1、3、5 as subjects, applying the method of story-interviewing the present study explored the development of the application of children's display rule and its influential factors in a disappointing situation. The result showed: (1)Children's real emotion and apparent emotion showed an increasingly positive trend from grade1 to grade 5, and in a disappointing situation, both in real emotion and apparent emotion, girls and boys didn't show significant difference; (2)In three kinds of interpersonal relations, there were extreme difference between children's apparent and real emotion, and for different interpersonal relation, the use of display rule were different, which could be attributed to the difference of children's regulation strategies; (3)In a disappointing situation the use of children's display rule was subjected to different interpersonal types, which could be related to children's different expectation of the social influence to their emotion expression. (4)Children's emotional display objective was not subjected to interpersonal types, and in different kinds of interpersonal relations children's emotional display objective was not dependent on their grade and sex.