中学生完成系列回忆任务错误类型发展的实验研究

The Experiments on Error Pattern Made by High School Students in Serial Recall Tasks

本研究以初中一、三年级和高中二年级学生为被试,以三种类型的汉字(普通字、形似字和同音字)为实验材料,采用系列回忆任务的个别实验法,考察中学生完成系列回忆任务的错误类型特点。结果发现:1.各年级都出现了遗漏错误、侵入错误、移动错误和重复错误,其中移动错误随年级升高而减少且错误率最高。2.四种错误类型表现出不同的位置效应。3.同音字引起的错误率明显高于普通字和形似字。

The junior school students of grade one, grade three and senior high school students of grade two were participated in the experiment. The experimental materials are the normal Chinese characters, confusable Chinese characters in phonology and similar Chinese characters in shape. The subjects are required to finish the serial recall tasks. The results show :1. Four types errors are found out, that is omission error, intrusion error, movement error and repetition error, among which movement errors decrease with the increase of grade.The proportion of the repetition errors is the highest.2. Four types errors show different position effect.3.The proportion of errors in the area of confusable Chinese characters in phonology is significantly higher than normal Chinese characters and similar Chinese characters in shape.