健康婴幼儿早期教育的效果及影响因素

Effects and Influent Agents of Early Education on Well-Being Infants

目的 :探讨健康足月婴幼儿早期教育 (简称早教 )的效果及其影响因素 ,为开展健康足月婴幼儿早教工作提供理论和实践依据。方法 :以自愿来早教中心进行早教的健康足月婴幼儿 5 2名为实验组。另选择与其基本条件相同的婴幼儿 5 2名为对照组。实验组除进行早教的各项培训工作外 ,还于培训前和培训 3、 6、 9个月后各测评发育商 (DQ) 1次 ,以评定早教的效果。对照组无早教 ,于入组时和 9个月后各测评DQ 1次。结果 :①实验组经培训 9个月后 ,其DQ平均值提高 2 1 9± 13 6分 ,高于对照组观察 9个月后DQ平均值提高分 3 0± 3 0 ,差异有统计学意义 (t =9 75 7,P <0 0 0 1)。②实验组培训前DQ值有 2 3例低于中等水平 ;培训后有 2 7例高于中等水平 ,其中 8例DQ≥ 13 0。③多元逐步回归分析结果表明 ,影响DQ增加的主要因素是完成家庭训练作业的程度 (R2 =0 5 7) ,其次是到早教中心训练的次数 (R2 =0 0 19) ,再次是性别 (R2 =0 0 16)。结论 :早教对健康足月婴幼儿的大脑发育、智能发展、运动发育具有显著效果 ,是提高婴幼儿DQ的有效措施。

Object: To explore the effects and the influent agents of early education on the healthy termed infants. Methods: 52 healthy termed infants voluntary to the exercise center as experimental group were early educated. The other 52 infants as control group were in the same elementary conditions comparing to the experimental group. The experimental group was trained the corresponding projects and examined DQ at the beginning and the 3 rd,6 th,9 th month after training. The control group was only examined DQ at the beginning and after 9 months. Results:①At the 9 th month after training, DQ of the experimental group was improved 21.9±13.6, which was much 7 times higher than that of the control group, which was improved 3±3.0 (P<0.001).②In the experimental group, 27 infants’ DQ were higher than those of the normal, and 8 of those were much higher (DQ≥130) after training. But 23 infants’ DQ were lower than those of the normal at the beginning.③The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the main influent agent of DQ was the extent to complete the training housework (R2=0.57), the second one was the times to the exercise center (R2=0.019), and the third one was the sex (R2=0.016). Conclusion:Early education is the significant effects for the developments of brain, intelligence and locomotion on the healthy termed infants.