单兵野战净水装置的研制

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL WATER PURIFYING DEVICE FOR SOLDIER IN THE FIELD

目的研制一种新型、轻便、快捷的单兵野战净水装置 ,使处于野外特殊环境中的军人利用本装置处理天然水源水后能迅速获得直接饮用水。方法该装置用聚乙烯软质塑料经特殊模具压制加工而成 ,其外形与部队现用金属水壶类似 ,在壶盖外上方装有一个提拉式吮水嘴 ,壶盖内部固定一个圆柱形空心活性炭滤芯 ,滤芯内装约 5g三碘树脂 ,容水量 1L。采用自制氮气加压装置加压或双手挤压法对净水装置做滤出水实验 ,并就水质的浊度、大肠菌群、细菌总数及滤出速度等指标进行了检测 ,以评价其净水效果。结果本装置对实验室配制含适量大肠杆菌的自来水和野外天然水源现场验证实验所滤出的水均无异臭、异味和肉眼可见物 ,口感正常 ,大肠菌群 (cfu·10 0mL- 1)未检出 ,细菌总数 <2cfu·mL- 1,浊度≤ 2NTV。结论用本装置处理天然水源水后 ,水质的感官、细菌学、浊度等项指标均达到了军队战时饮用水标准 。

Objective To develop a personal water purifying device, so as to make the soldier under the field special environment get rapidly available drinking water from natural water sources by this device. Methods The device was processed in special mould with soft packing polyethylene plastics. Its shape is similar to the metal kettle using in army now. There is a raising suck mouth over the kettle lid outside, and a hollow column filter-core composed of active carbon is fixed on the inside lid, in which it contains 5 gram triiodo-resin. The capacity of the device is 1 liter. Extrude the kettle by both hands, the water filtered could bc drunken swiftly. Turbidity, coliform group, total bacterial count, and filtering velocity were examined. Results The water (including tap water containing given amount of colon bacilli prepared in the laboratory, and the outdoor natural water from the field) filtered by the device showed no abnormal stink, no visible materials, no colon bacilli, and total bacterial count: <2 cfu·mL -1, turbidity: ≤2 NTV. Conclusion The indexes of water quality, bacteriology, turbidity of natural water treated by the device are in accord with the sanitary standard of drinking water for armed forces in wartime, so the water filtered by the device is suitable or safe for drinking.