全国作物种植结构快速调查技术与应用

A Method for Crop Planting Structure Inventory and its Application

现有种植结构的分析都是基于统计数据 ,时效性低及精度差 ,难以及时为各级政府部门提供决策支持。以“中国农情遥感速报系统”使用的GVG农情采样系统和样条采样框架为基础 ,提出了快速获取全国农作物种植结构的技术方法 ,并以 2 0 0 2年为例 ,开展全国夏粮和秋粮种植结构的调查与现状分析。全国夏粮的粮经比例为 5 8%∶2 1% ,秋粮的粮经比例为 79%∶14 % ,粮食作物仍然占有较大的比例。调查表明 ,全国范围的种植结构在时间和空间上变化很大。黑龙江省的大豆种植成数最高 ,达到38% ,是中国的大豆主产区 ;吉林和辽宁两省的春玉米种植成数相差不大 ,高达 71% ;黄淮海地区夏粮以种植冬小麦为主 ,种植成数高达 97% (河北省 ) ,秋粮以夏玉米为主 ,种植成数高达 82 % (河南 ) ;以长江为界 ,冬小麦和油料在长江南北的种植成数变化很大 ,长江以北冬小麦与油料并重 ,以南以油料为主。秋粮则以中晚稻为主 ,种植成数均超过 6 6 % ;华南夏粮和秋粮均以水稻为主 ,其中广东的蔬菜瓜果的种植成数高达 2 9% ;西南地区的秋粮以中稻和夏玉米为主 ,其中云南省的棉麻糖的种植成数高达19% ,说明云南省仍然是中国的烟草大省。经济发达或邻近经济发达地区的省份的蔬菜瓜果的种植成数较大 ,如天津市高达 34%。

Usually crop planting structure derived from the statistical data are quite later due to time consuming of statistic method. The government normally needs the crop planting structure as early as possible, better if it can be obtained during the crop season, so that it allows the government has enough time to make decision for next crop season. This paper presents a fast inventory method of crop planting structure, based on the GVG instrument and transect sampling framework. Then crop planting structure inventory for summer and autumn crop over China in 2002 have been carried out. It is found that the rate of cereal to cash crop within summer crop is 58%: 21%, and that of autumn crop 79%: 14%. It is very obvious that cereal crops still account on very high proportion in the crop structure. According to surveyed results, the difference of crop planting structure over China varies temporally and spatially great. The soybean proportion of Hei Longjiang province ranks first, up to 38%, and Hei Longjiang is main producing area of soybean in China. Jilin and Liaoning provinces almost have the same proportion of spring maize, more than 71%. Winter wheat is a major crop of summer crop in the Huanghuihai area, in which the winter wheat proportion of Hebei province is more than 97%, and summer maize is a major crop of autumn crop, in which the summer maize proportion of Henan province is up to 82%. On the two sides of the Yangtse River there exists very big change of crop proportion between winter wheat and oil rapeseeds. On the north side of Yangtse River, winter wheat and oil rapeseeds almost have the same rank, but on the south side of Yangtse River oil rapeseeds ranks first in the summer season, and middle rice and later rice are the major crops of autumn crop, more than 66%. Rice is major crop of summer and autumn crop in the southern China, and in which the proportion of vegetable and fruit of Guangdong province is up to 29%. Middle rice and summer maize are the major crops of autumn crop in the southwest region, in which the proportion of cotton, flux seed and sugar of Yunnan province is up to 19. Tobacco of Yunnan province ranks first in China. Effects of agricultural structure adjustment are very great in recent years, especially in the developed and adjacent region where the proportion of vegetable and fruit is very high, such as Tianjin city up to 34%.