鸟类的飞翔(英文)

Bird flight

本文综述了目前对鸟类飞翔的研究 ,包括飞翔机制、运动学和形态适应等问题。首先讨论动力产生的基础包括翼型运动和气体旋涡以及飞翔需要的动力 ,而后论述振翅飞翔和姿势变换的运动学原理及量化飞翔强度 ,阐明了翼部和尾部外形对飞翔的重要作用 。

The current states of knowledge concerning flight mechanics,kinematics and morphological adaptations for flight are reviewed. The basis for force generation,including airfoil action and vorticity,and the power required for flight,are discussed first,followed by the kinematics of flapping flight and gait changes,and scaling issues for flight.The importance of the shape of wing and tail for flight performance is elucidated,concluding with an analysis of the flight capability of Archaeopteryx