中国冰川积累与水汽来源补给分析

Accumulation and Moisture Sources of the Glaciers in China

利用冰川编目数据和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对中国及周边地区水汽通量、中国冰川地理分布情况、大气环流途径和降水分布进行分析,发现中国冰川水汽来源复杂,不同地区各季节存在不同的大气环流控制.这说明不同地理位置的冰川所指示的气候信息是不同的,大约以30°N和100°E为界,中国西北部主要受西风环流影响,冰川发育的水汽主要源于西风环流.以横断山脉为界,横断山脉以西,即30°N以南和100°E以西的区域,主要受印度季风控制,冰川发育水汽主要源于印度洋、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾;横断山脉以东区域,受东亚季风控制,冰川发育水汽主要来源于太平洋和南海;横断山脉、念青唐古拉和青藏高原东部地区受印度季风和东亚季风共同控制,冰川发育水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾和南海.不同地区冰芯积累量的变化与该地区夏季季风环流指数的变化具有较好的一致性.

Using the data of Chinese Glacier Inventory and NCEP/NCAR, the vapor flux and the atmospheric circulations around China, distribution features of glaciers and precipitation patterns in China have been analyzed in this paper. There are various atmospheric circulations controlling the climate in China. Accordingly, the glacier distribution in different regions has been influenced by different climatic conditions. The westerly dominates mainly in Northwest China in the scope of 30°N and 100°E and carries vapors to the glaciers in this region. Southwest China, east to the Hengduan Mountains and north to 30°N, is mainly controlled by the southwest monsoon, which brings moisture to the glaciers there from Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Southeast China, west to the Hengduan Mountains, is influenced mainly by southeast monsoon, where the vapors to the glaciers, especially to those glaciers on the east slopes of the Hengduan Mountains, come from Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Both southwest monsoon and southeast monsoon dominate jointly in the Hengduan Mountains, the Nyainqêntanglha Range and the eastern Tibetan Plateau, where the moistures to the glaciers are mainly from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea. There is a very good accordance between the variations of the accumulation rates and the local summer monsoon indices in various regions.