证明责任的作用与免除

Burden of Proof-the Ways It Affects and to Release

证明责任是独立于具体的诉讼而由法律事先在涉案当事人之间进行预置的。从动态上看,只要诉讼一经发生,已经被预置的证明责任分配就制约着当事人双方的提供证据的行为,影响着诉讼的进程。并在辩论终结而有关要件事实仍处于真伪不明时现实地发生作用,即承担证明责任的一方当事人承受败诉的结果。从静态上看,证明责任作用于要件事实或曰争点事实,这不仅包括实体法上的事实,也包括程序法上的事实。同时,出于诉讼经济或者公平的考虑,在一些特定的情形下,有关当事人需要承担的法定证明责任获得了免除。

The burden of proof is preset in between the concerned litigants by law, which is litigation-independent. Dynamically, once the litigation starts, the distribution of preset burden of proof would restrict both sides of litigants in presenting proofs, and affect the process of litigation. It functions when the facts requirements are inexplicit at the end of the argument, i.e. one of the litigants who takes the burden of proof would be losing the lawsuit. While statically, such function affects on the facts requirements or so-called arguable facts includes not only the facts of entity law but also the facts of procedure law. Meanwhile, considering the economical and fair purpose of the litigation, under some particular circumstances, the required burden of proof on the part of concerning litigants could be released.